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Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester
Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester (died 19 December 1496) was an Irish peer, statesman and judge, and one of the dominant political figures in late fifteenth-century Ireland.
==Career==
FitzEustace was the son of Sir Edward FitzEustace of Castlemartin, Lord Deputy of Ireland. He was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Lord Treasurer of Ireland by Edward IV of England in 1474 and was elevated to the Irish peerage as Baron Portlester in 1462. In the latter year he was accused of treason, but defended himself with such vigour that the charges were dropped: similar charges made in 1470 were not pursued.〔Otway-Ruthven, A.J. ''History of Medieval Ireland'' Barnes and Noble Reissue 1993 p. 389〕 In 1474 he was a founder member of the Brotherhood of Saint George, a military order charged with the defence of the Pale.
In 1478 when his son-in-law, Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, was replaced as Lord Deputy of Ireland by Henry Grey, 4th (7th) Baron Grey of Codnor, Portlester organised a campaign of non-cooperation with the new Deputy. When Grey ordered him to hand over the Great Seal of Ireland, Portlester refused point blank, thus making the conduct of official business impossible. The King went to considerable lengths to support Grey, even ordering Thomas Archbold, the Master of the Royal Mint in Ireland, to strike a new Great Seal, declaring that the Seal held by Portlester was annulled, and that all acts passed under it under it were utterly void; but to no avail. So effective was the campaign of obstruction that after a few months Lord Grey was forced to return to England.〔Otway-Ruthven p.398〕
Portlester was reappointed Chancellor by Henry VII, but removed because of his part in the crowning of the pretender, Lambert Simnel, as King Edward VI of England, on May 24, 1487. This coronation took place in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland. Nearly every noble and Prince in Ireland took part in the coronation. Simnel invaded England with an Irish army which was crushed at the Battle of Stoke. Henry VII was magnanimous in victory, sparing Simnel's life and issuing pardons to Portlester and his fellow peers;〔Gilbert, John Thomas "Roland FitzEustace" ''Dictionary of National Biography 1885–1900'' Vol. 18 p.53〕 but he decided to split the offices held by Lord Portlester between Alexander Plunket and Sir James Ormond.〔O'Flanagan, J. Roderick ''The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of Ireland'' 2 Volumes London 1870〕 Portlester nonetheless remained an influential figure for the remaining decade of his life, and was able to fight off an attack on his record as Treasurer in 1493.
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